St Osyth Blockhouse was a Device Fort in Essex, England. Built in 1543 to protect the estuary leading to the town of Colchester, the blockhouse saw only brief service and was decommissioned in 1552.
History
In 1533, King Henry VIII broke with Pope Paul III in order to annul the long-standing marriage to his wife, Catherine of Aragon, and remarry. Catherine was the aunt of King Charles V of Spain, who took the annulment as a personal insult. As a consequence, France and the Empire declared an alliance against Henry in 1538, and the Pope encouraged the two countries to attack England. An invasion of England now appeared certain; that summer Henry made a personal inspection of some of his coastal defences, which had recently been mapped and surveyed: he appeared determined to make substantial, urgent improvements.
Henry VIII gave instructions through Parliament in 1539 that new defences were to be built along the coasts of England, beginning a major programme of work that would continue until 1547. The order was known as a “device”, which meant a documented plan, instruction or schema, leading to the fortifications later becoming known as the “Device Forts”. The initial instructions for the “defence of the realm in time of invasion” concerned building forts along the southern coastline of England, as well as making improvements to the defences of the towns of Calais and Guisnes in France, then controlled by Henry’s forces. Commissioners were also to be sent out across south-west and south-east England to inspect the current defences and to propose sites for new ones. After the initial invasion scare, Henry moved back onto the offensive in Europe in 1543, allying himself with Spain against France once again.
St Osyth Blockhouse was an earthwork fort with a garrison of two officers and up to six men, which operated in conjunction with Brightlingsea Blockhouse. It protected the entrance to the River Colne, which led to the town of Colchester. It was decommissioned in 1552; a 19th-century Martello Tower may have been built over the site.
Bibliography
- Colvin, H. M.; Ransome, D. R.; Summerson (1982). The History of the King’s Works, Volume 4: 1485-1660, Part 2. London, UK: HMSO. ISBN 0116708328.
- Essex County Council. (2006) Extensive Urban Survey – Essex: Historic Towns Assessment Report. Essex, UK: Essex County Council.
- Hale, John R. (1983). Renaissance War Studies. London, UK: Hambledon Press. ISBN 0907628176.
- Harrington, Peter (2007). The Castles of Henry VIII. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9781472803801.
- Morley, B. M. (1976). Henry VIII and the Development of Coastal Defence. London, UK: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. ISBN 0116707771.
Attribution
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